LEARNING BEHAVIOR AND REVERSE THEORY
Behavior refers to the trait that
can be learned or influenced by other people. A person may acquire the behavior
from their neighbors (peer groups) inherited by their parents or influenced by the
external people.
Behavior is constructed since
childhood where there are number of criteria that cause the construction of
people’s behavior which may result to normal being or human being. In so doing
we can distinguish human and Human being. Human refers to an individual who
alive and perform different human function and Human being refers to the
individual who is alive and has ability to realize what is bad and good in
life. Hence this capacity of realization may lead him or her leave the bad
issues and take the good issues and influence to other people to build the
harmony community.
CONSTRUCTION OF INDIVIDUAL
BEHAVIOR
The behavior can be destructed
through the three criteria;
- Influenced behavior
These behaviors are adopted by
individual through the influence from four main factors; one is peer groups
that compose people with the same characteristics, age rate interest and goals.
These group may be youths, people with the same professional like doctors,
teachers. The second is External influence that behavior is exposed by the
outside community. Some of the countries which are very strong mostly influence
their behavior to be adopted by other nations.
According to Karl Marx argue that “The
economic Base Substantially determine the Structure of Society”. Hence the
country with economic powerful has ability to influence their behavior whether
bad or good and weak nations may accept although some may not accept. Example
the current behavior advocated last year 2012 by Prime Minister of England
Mr. D. Cameroon who said for those nations who will need aid support should
engage in marriage of the same sex. This habit is against African culture
that’s why Tanzanian government has not agreed with it although some nation has
agreed with it.
- Learned behavior
Individuals may learn their
behaviors from different sources. Such sources are Social institution and
social regulations. The function of social institution can not be reached if
the social regulations are not strong to guide the community. Examples of the
social institution are education, religion, family, economy, politics, peer
groups. In other way people call it Agents of socialization.
But the social institutions need
the strong functioning social regulations which may be guiding the social
institution to perform their function fully. These social regulations involve
the values, and norms that each individual should obey and practice. The norms
and values are formulated by the community themselves. In Sociological point of
view is “Individual producing the community
and the community aggregate together to arrange their values, norms and taboos
that every individual should fallow and obey”.
Through these social institutions
and social regulations people can learn their behavior and produce the
community which love each other and mostly think for development of their
community. Recall for the Dimension of development that development starts from
Individual him or herself, economic development, Political development and the
last is Social development.
- Inherited behavior
These are behaviors which can be
obtained through inheriting to their parents or other relatives. Example the
behavior of one of the parents can be inherited by the child copy right. Some
parents when taken alcohol tend to close and opening eye frequently where by
even the child can inherit and when start taking alcohol do the same.
- Integration in some social relation and academic issues
These areas are also makes people
to adopt different behaviors, example schools, religions, diplomatic meeting,
Medias, sports and games.
HOW PEOPLE DIFFER THEIR BEHAVIORS
People differ their behavior due
to the single factor which is Angle of
Socialization that the individual is living and socialize. Example the
child can have certain home behavior but when socialize with the other social institutions
like educations, religion, peer grouped etc may change the behavior and act in different
way from his family. Also recall for the generation of 1970s back and to date
generations, they differ even thought they are living in the same community.
What’s matter is that angle of socialization made the community members to act
differently.
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR
In the world we are different
people with different nationality, race and ethnicity but we are all human
being. Even though we are the same we do differ our behavior from one another.
The behavior can be distinguished into three types;
- Primary Behavior
These are behaviors which are
very small to individual. Example individual can have the habit of greeting
each other, disliking school; wearing style etc. these can also be adopted in
the social integrations like in schools, diplomatic meeting, sports and game.
- Cardinal Behavior
These are behavior that
individual can be seen with permanent behavior that mostly are inherited
behavior. The individual can inherited from his or her parents or other
relatives that it is difficult to change this behavior. Example you can see a
man when taken an alcohol tend to close and open eyes frequently, also their
children may adopt the same behavior as his or her parents do (Real experienced
my relatives).
- Secondary Behavior
These are behavior that an
individual may have and practice to the society but if there is some influenced
force. These are hidden behaviors that it is shown if there will be certain
condition. Example a person can be stayed some where, suddenly you insult his
mother; it is where you can see his wrath, but if you can’t insult nothing you
can see to him or her.
But there are some theorists who
also traced about the behavior of an individual on how it is originated. Example
is Alfred Adler
Adlerian Therapy is the theory of
Adlerian psychology that propounded by Alfred Adler (1870-1937). He was the
theorist that lived in very poor life that makes him face with more
difficulties and hence start to think about ways to solve the problems. It his
life he faced with Rickets disease that made him to be unhealthy. But due to
life difficulties, Adler fought to reach good life where he established the
theory of Adlerian Therapy that explains running towards success (from
inferiority to superiority). Human moving forward fiction goals that think will
lead to superiority. The inferiority feeling leads to des encouragement. These
des encouragement leads to substance abuse, criminal abuse and also suicide
(Adler 1956 p. 156).
MY THEORY
THE LEARNING BEHAVIOR AND REVERSE THEORY
It is the theory of Mwakalunde,
Charles E. that obtained through the long term observation in my family and
other family in the community of Tanzania.
In overview point of theory is
the set of constructed ideas that exist and has critical meaning. The theory
tries to look on why children when reach certain level of maturity can recall
or not recall for the parents advice; these questions may be asked;
- · Why children when reaching certain level of maturity may change their behavior from family learned behavior to other gang or street behavior (good to bad behavior)?
- · Why some children do not recall for the changing behavior when reaching to maturity age?
- · Why do other parents and guardians do say my children has bad behavior and we can not say any thing to them and true parents doesn’t says anything to their children?
- · What can be the result for the children or people who haven’t taught good behavior or advised for the obedience, respect and love to other people?
- · What do you think could be the results for the people, who even though have bad behavior, still their parents are playing parts to advice about strategies to reach good and advanced life, together with good behavior to the community?
Mwakalunde theory try to answer
on the theory of “The Learning Behaviors and Reverse Theory” that states that
the children need the advise, love, respect, and guidance where necessary
because it will be the gift of the children at future life. There are two
sides, one either if the children has good behavior rather need advice of the
parents because at the maturity age they will recall for the parents advice and
practices to the community and actually build the harmony society.
Two sides is that, the children
can have bad behavior like not greeting elders, don’t obeying people, planning
to beat the parents, theft, and practice so many crimes, but the parents or
guardian should not stay quite rather play their part to make sure that
children are advised and recommended in their life. No body has life guarantee
rather God knows when and how we will die. So our parents may reach certain age
and either die, or face any other physical problem where by children may remain
dilemma. This is the juncture that children may start recall far the parent’s
advices, strategies that may help them to reach their target goals and hence
good life at the future life. But if the children may not get this crucial
opportunity regardless of their cruelty, in this juncture they can not be able
to recall for the good strategy to handle because the parents didn’t advice for
them and hence they will proceed with the same habit that’s because they have
no any alternative foe there life development.
In summary, for what will be
given to the children since their childhood, is what will be reputed to the
future life. That’s why we say The Learning Behavior is what is
taught to the children, youths or any other people and Reverse is the
results of what you brought to the children that may be helpful to the children
at the future time.
Study for this Dialogue that extracted
from the children of the certain family
I lived at Tabora Region that what their mother do and practice to her family
and community surrounded is what children are revealing to the mass;
Child: …..have you married?
I: Yes…
Child: Is it true
I; Why I you asking for?
Child: You answer us.
I: Yes
Child: During night do you do sexual intercourse
I: (I got shocked!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)……… But I recalled that
it is the problem of their mother who most insulting her children, husband and
other people, that’s why these children are doing what their mother is
revealing to the community. What do you expect for the future days if we can
have alike families.
Mwakalunde, Charles E.
Sociology Specialized to Rural
Sociology
February, 2013
University of Dodoma-Tanzania
No comments:
Post a Comment